Buying? Start with the encumbrance certificate
An EC is the official record of registered sales and mortgages on a property. Buyers usually pull 13 to 30 years to trace ownership. In Karnataka (Bengaluru) it's issued on the Kaveri Online Services portal.
- Check 13 years routinely, up to 30 for a thorough title trace.
- Form 16 means no registered encumbrances in the period; Form 15 lists them, such as past sales and mortgages.
- Form 15 isn't automatically bad; what matters is whether any mortgage is still open.
- Only registered transactions appear; unregistered deals, litigation and tax dues need separate checks.
- In Karnataka, apply on Kaveri for the period you need; fees rise with the number of years.